Everything about The Up Quark totally explained
The
up quark is a particle described by the
Standard Model theory of
physics. It is a first-generation
quark with a charge of +(2/3)
e. It is the lightest of all quarks. Its bare
mass isn't well determined, but probably lies between 1.5 and 4
MeV. According to the
Standard Model of
particle physics, there are six quark types. Ordinary
matter, such as
atoms, contains
electrons and a
nucleus. The
protons and
neutrons inside the nucleus are called
nucleons, and the up quark—along with the
down quark—are the fundamental constituents of these nucleons. The proton contains two up quarks and a down quark, while the neutron contains one up quark and two down quarks.
The equivalence of mass and energy described in the theory of
Special Relativity means that quickly moving particles have greater energy and so appear to have a greater mass at high speeds than while at rest. The strength of the strong
forces holding the quarks in the nucleus suggests they're moving with
relativistic speeds. Therefore, the majority of the mass in nucleons comes from the energy in the
gluon field holding the quarks together, and not the quark masses themselves.
The existence of up quarks was first postulated when
Gell-Mann and
Zweig developed the
quark model in
1964, and the first evidence for them was found in
deep inelastic scattering experiments at
SLAC in
1967.
Hadrons containing up quarks
Some of the
hadrons containing up quarks include:
- Charged Pions are mesons containing an up quark and an anti-down quark, or vice versa.
- The neutral pion is a linear combination of up-antiup and down-antidown, as are the ρ and ω mesons.
- The and flavorless mesons are linear combinations of several quark-antiquark pairs, including up-antiup.
- A large number of detected baryons contain one or more up quarks. Like the nucleons, the baryons are made of only up and down quarks: the contains three up quarks, the contains two, the contains only one while the contains none.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Up Quark'.
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